Components and Complete Drive Systems for Electric and Hybrid Vehicles

Modern electric and hybrid vehicles are becoming increasingly technologically advanced, thanks to custom-designed components and complete drivetrain systems created by iLITE engineers.

These systems serve as the heart of the vehicle, determining its energy efficiency, performance, and eco-friendliness.

Electric Motor

Electric Motor is a crucial part of the drivetrain system, converting electrical energy into mechanical movement. Depending on the design, different types of motors are used, such as:

– Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSM), known for their high efficiency and torque.

– Asynchronous (Induction) Motors, which are more durable and simpler to produce, though less efficient compared to PMSM.

Inverter

Inverter plays a vital role in the drivetrain, converting direct current (DC) from the battery into alternating current (AC), required to power the electric motor. Advanced inverters allow precise control of the motor’s speed and torque, contributing to smooth driving and energy efficiency.

Traction Battery

Bateria The traction battery stores the energy that powers the electric motor. Most electric vehicles use lithium-ion batteries, known for their high energy density and long lifespan. A key challenge is balancing vehicle range with minimizing charging time.

Transmission

Although electric motors can operate at a wide range of speeds, transmissions are used to optimize drivetrain efficiency. Simple systems may have a single reduction gear, while more complex hybrid systems may use multi-stage transmissions for better power and torque management.

Battery Management System (BMS)

The Battery Management System (BMS) monitors the condition of battery cells, managing charging and discharging to maximize lifespan and efficiency. The BMS plays a critical role in protecting the battery from overheating, over-discharge, or overload.

Energy Management System (EMS)

In hybrid systems, the Energy Management System (EMS) decides when to use the internal combustion engine and when to rely on the electric motor. This optimizes fuel consumption and minimizes emissions, adjusting to driving conditions and driving style.

On-Board Charger

The on-board charger is essential for converting alternating current (AC) from the grid into direct current (DC) to charge the battery. Modern chargers offer various charging modes, including fast charging, which reduces the time needed to recharge the vehicle.

Complete Drivetrain System

A complete drivetrain system integrates all the above components into a cohesive system that powers the vehicle. Depending on the design, it may be:

– Fully Electric Drivetrain, where all energy for propulsion comes from the battery.

– Plug-in Hybrid Drivetrain (PHEV), combining an internal combustion engine with an electric motor, with the ability to charge the battery externally.

– Hybrid Drivetrain (HEV), where the electric motor assists the internal combustion engine, and the battery is primarily charged through regenerative braking.

Each system is designed by iLITE to maximize vehicle energy efficiency, reduce emissions, and provide smooth, dynamic driving.